Whiplash is an injury to the soft tissues of the neck, caused by a sudden jerking or ‘whipping’ movement that stretches muscles and ligaments beyond their normal range of motion1,2 and may include joint or disc injury.2 As well as neck pain, the symptoms of whiplash may also include, headaches, dizziness, stiffness and back or shoulder pain.1,2
One common cause of whiplash is an automobile accident where a car is struck from behind by another car. The seat belt keeps the person’s body from going forward, but the head snaps forward, then quickly backward, stretching ligaments and muscles in the neck.2 Whiplash can also be caused by sports injuries, amusement park rides, such as roller coasters that include a sudden change in direction, and being punched or shaken.1
Most whiplash injuries are caused by low-speed, rear-end collisions.3
Doctors may recommend the use of over-the-counter pain killers, muscle relaxants or ice-pack application to manage mild pain due to whiplash,1,2 and may also recommend the short-term use of a neck collar to limit movement that increases pain.1,2
Try to avoid aggravating the sore muscles and ligaments for at least two to three weeks.1 Don’t lift or carry heavy objects, participate in sports or vigorous exercise, or sit in the same position for long periods of time.1 Do try to stay active by walking and wherever possible continuing as normal.1,2
Besides neck pain and stiffness, whiplash may also bring about soreness in the head, chest, arms, and shoulders. Whiplash pain may lessen, and then come back again days or weeks later.1 Some patients say that this happens repeatedly for months or even years.1
It’s a good idea to keep your healthcare professional informed if the level of pain changes or keeps returning.
Also call your healthcare professional if:1